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Biomedical Signal Processing & Predictive Analytics
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Risk Score
Framingham
Risk Score
PROCAM
Risk Score
TIMI Score
Framingham Risk Score
The Framingham risk score was created by Wilson et al. in 1998 following a study that examined the association of Joint National Committee (JNC-V) blood pressure and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) cholesterol categories with CHD risk. A cohort of 2,489 men and 2,856 women with ages between 30 and 74 took part in the study. The follow up period was of 12 years. The 383 men and 227 women who developed CHD during the follow up period were associated with high blood pressure and high total cholesterol, amongst other factors. The score was meant to allow physicians to predict multivariate coronary heart disease risk in patients without overt CHD.
Cardiovascular Risk PROCAM Score
Predicts 10-year cardiovascular risk based on risk factors like history of MI, diabetes or high cholesterol.
The PROCAM score was developed by Assmann et al. in 2002, during the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study. It involved 5,389 men with ages between 35 and 65. During the 10 year follow up, 325 acute coronary events resulted.
The scoring system was developed based on beta-coefficients of 8 independent risk variables. These are ranked in order of importance as follows: age, LDL cholesterol, smoking, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, family history of premature myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and triglycerides.
The PROCAM accurately predicted observed coronary events and can help with stratifying risk of myocardial infarction in practice.
TIMI Score
Determines the myocardial infarction mortality risk in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome.
The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score determines 30-day risk of mortality from ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
The three variables that are taken into account in the calculation are:
â– Patient age in years;
â– Heart rate in beats per minute;
â– Systolic blood pressure in mmHg.
The formula used in the TIMI score calculator is the following:
TIMI risk index = heart rate (bpm) x (age/10)2 /systolic BP (mmHg)
This formula leads to an index that is useful in determining the risk of death and ischemic events. Targeted patients are those who suffer from unstable angina and/or ST elevation MI or non-ST elevation MI.